Importance of controlling the amount of lead and cadmium dissolved in daily-use ceramics (ceramic coffee mugs)

 Xinxiang Custom Ceramic Mug Manufacturer CO, Lead, cadmium dissolved amount of control work is essential for daily-use ceramics quality management center, is to do a good job of daily-use ceramics product quality and use the key to safety. Through the daily use of ceramic products lead and cadmium dissolved detection, timely detection of lead, cadmium products exceeding the standard, to eliminate the credibility of the enterprise and consumer safety to bring hidden danger, in order to improve the enterprise economy And consumers use the safety of the hidden danger, in order to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises and social credibility. This paper discusses the importance of lead and cadmium dissolution control of daily-use ceramics, especially ceramic coffee mugs, and points out that lead and cadmium dissolution control is a daily-use ceramics quality control and ensure the safety of consumer use. Quality control and ensure the safety of consumers to use the key.

1. Introduction

Human life is inseparable from daily-use ceramics, such as tableware, tea sets, ceramic pots and pans, ceramic coffee mugs, storage jars, etc. Throughout all aspects of human life, so the quality and safety requirements of daily-use ceramics are getting higher and higher, the products should not only be beautiful and durable, but also more importantly, the use process should not affect people's health. Is not only beautiful, durable, more importantly, the use of the process can not affect people's health and safety, which requires daily use of ceramic production process, to strictly control the amount of lead, cadmium dissolved off. As we all know, China is the birthplace of ceramics, after the reform and opening up, the rapid development of this traditional industry, daily ceramics production and export volume according to the world's first. Daily-use ceramics production and exports according to the world's first, but in the quality control, especially lead, cadmium dissolution control compared with developed countries there is still a gap, in order to improve product quality, it is necessary to strictly control the amount of lead, cadmium dissolution.

2. Daily ceramics lead, cadmium dissolved in the amount of origin

2.1 daily ceramics lead, cadmium on the human body harm discovery

In the nineteenth century, a country in Western Europe, a strange disease, patients often have paroxysmal abdominal cramps, neuralgia, anemia, intelligence and the ability to identify the symptoms of decline. Doctors and scientists analyzed the symptoms and found that it was caused by lead poisoning. Because the local people are accustomed to drinking yogurt, and yogurt is Because the local people were used to drinking yogurt, which was often served in earthenware pots containing lead, the lead slowly dissolved into the yogurt, and the people drank it for many years, leading to chronic lead poisoning.

After this incident spread, the health departments of many countries analyzed the surface of ceramics. Through the analysis, it was found that in addition to lead, cadmium is also a harmful element. Cadmium poisoning manifests itself in the form of headaches, chest tightness, coughing, weakness and other symptoms. Therefore, many countries for ceramic products So, many countries for ceramic products, especially ceramic mugs, coffee cups, tea cups, ceramic tableware, sublimation mugs, etc. to make the lead, cadmium dissolved in strict limits.

2.2 The origin of lead and cadmium dissolved in daily-use ceramics

People have found that ceramic decoration containing lead, cadmium high, not necessarily lower than the lead, cadmium-containing contaminated food serious; and the severity of contamination of food, in addition to the decoration of lead, cadmium content, more importantly, is related to the acid corrosion resistance of the food contact surface, acid resistance Strong lead and cadmium is not easy to be dissolved, but also not easy to contaminate food. So people imitate daily life, with commonly used vinegar at a certain temperature to soak ceramic tableware or ceramic coffee mugs, and then test the soaking liquid in the lead and cadmium content. Because the lead and cadmium content of the test is soaked with vinegar Because the lead and cadmium content of the test is leached with vinegar, it is called the amount of lead and cadmium leaching.

3. Control of lead and cadmium dissolved in daily-use ceramics

3.1 Raw material selection of flower paper, pigment and glaze

3.1.1 Reduce the paper, pigment, glaze lead and cadmium content in raw materials. Choose large ceramic factories, quality-assured raw materials. Reduce the area of flower paper.

3.1.2 Improve the acid corrosion resistance of the flower surface, glaze; printed on a layer of glass coating on the flower paper (commonly known as lead, cadmium protective layer), to enhance the acid corrosion resistance of the flower paper.

3.2 Production process control

3.2.1 can be improved by increasing the fineness of the glaze and pigment, so that between the particles become smaller, so that the color layer is flat and thick, after firing can be formed into a relatively tight vitreous, thus improving the

Acid corrosion resistance of flower paper and glaze. Ultimately reduce the amount of lead and cadmium dissolved.

3.2.2 To have a good quality of flower paper, glaze, to avoid the lack of glaze, pores, cracks, scratches and other defects.

3.2.3 To have a reasonable firing system. Including: firing temperature, firing gas, kiln pressure, kiln ventilation and so on.

3.3 Remedial measures for products with excessive lead and cadmium dissolved content

3.3.1 Reduce the amount of lead and cadmium dissolved through secondary firing.

3.3.2 Use chemical methods to reduce lead and cadmium dissolved. Such as using 4% acetic acid to soak the flowers and glaze for 24 hours; or 4% nitric acid to soak the flowers and glaze for 10 hours.

4. Daily ceramics lead, cadmium dissolved detection

4.1 Detection principles

For the contact surface of ceramic products in contact with food and contact with the mouth, with 4% acetic acid solution at a certain temperature, soak (or boil) for a certain period of time, extract the soaking solution, with atomic absorption spectrophotometry for determination.

4.2 Extraction of lead and cadmium from ceramic products

4.2.1 Lead and cadmium extraction of boiled products

Inject distilled water into the steaming products to 2/3 of the capacity, cover the lid, heat to boiling, add acetic acid to a concentration of 4% (v/v), maintain a low boiling for 2 hours, if a reduction in the extract occurs, replenish to the original addition of the scale. After waiting for 2 hours, the extraction solution was cooled to room temperature.

4.2.2 Extraction of lead and cadmium from flat products

4% of the acetic acid extract into the flat products to the mouth edge of 5mm, for the mouth edge of 5mm within the products with decorations injected into the decorative place, covered with borosilicate glass, immersed in the environment at 22 ℃ for 24 hours, but also some countries use room temperature immersion for 22 hours.

4.2.3 Ceramic coffee mugs of lead and cadmium extraction

Ceramic coffee cups supplier, ceramic mugs and other hollow products of lead and cadmium extraction with flat products.

4.2.4 Lead and cadmium extraction on the edge of the products

Take borosilicate glass containers, the diameter of which is 1.25 to 2 times the diameter of the sample under test. The sample to be measured upside down into the container, inject 4% acetic acid solution to the sample to be measured from the mouth of the edge of the 20mm, placed at 22 ℃ for 24 hours, in order to prevent evaporation, plus a lid, such as the loss of extraction solution, then replenish the liquid. If there is a loss of extraction solution, make up the solution.

5. The importance of daily ceramics lead and cadmium dissolution control

5.1 Ensure the safety of consumer use

Ceramics containing lead and cadmium can cause lead and cadmium to leach into food and enter the body if they are used to hold food, especially acidic food. Lead and cadmium are heavy metal elements, easy to enter the human bloodstream and not easy to be eliminated from the body. Long-term consumption of food containing lead and cadmium will have an impact on the human immune system. Long-term consumption of food containing lead and cadmium will have an impact on the body's immune system, leading to the emergence of a variety of diseases. By strengthening the control of lead and cadmium in daily-use ceramics to prevent excessive lead and cadmium dissolved products into the market, we can avoid the hazards of lead and cadmium in daily-use ceramics on the human body.

5.2 Important means to maintain the safety of import and export trade

Daily-use ceramics is China's traditional export commodities, China's daily-use ceramics exports in 2022 was 4,884,500 tons, the main export countries are: the United States, Vietnam, South Korea, Germany, Britain and other countries; the country's requirements for daily-use ceramics lead and cadmium dissolution are becoming more and more stringent, lead and cadmium dissolved products out of the market with excessive lead and cadmium. Dissolved lead and cadmium products out of the country, light will be returned, claims, heavy will be the entire production enterprise reputation, industrial reputation has a bad influence. Therefore, only strict control of daily-use ceramics lead and cadmium dissolved in order to eliminate the outflow of unqualified products, in order to safeguard the Chinese Daily-use ceramics export security.

5.3 Effective means to improve economic efficiency

We all know that the quality and safety of products is the fundamental of long-term development of enterprises. If the quality and safety is not good, it is difficult for enterprises to go the long term. For daily-use ceramics, the improvement of people's living standards, driven by the development and growth of this industry, the expansion of the market scale Expansion of the market size to bring greater competitive pressure, the pressure of competition are concentrated in the quality and safety of products, product prices and service levels. For daily-use ceramics, lead and cadmium dissolved is the most important factor in product quality and safety, any deviation from the safety of lead and cadmium dissolved daily-use ceramics Any factory that deviates from the safety of lead and cadmium dissolved in daily-use ceramics will surely fail in the market competition.

6. Summarize

Daily-use ceramics lead and cadmium dissolved control, is the key to good or bad product quality. Enterprises through the control of raw materials, production control, lead and cadmium detection, strict control of all aspects, so as to control our production of ceramic products of lead and cadmium dissolved. To be in the vast To stand out in the vast competition, we must carry out technological innovation, pay attention to the control of lead and cadmium dissolved, strict quality control, to avoid the inflow of unqualified products into the market, to maintain the safety of China's ceramic products, in order to allow the world to rest assured that the use of our ceramic products.

The history of bone china coffee mugs and How to custom

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer, The English name of bone china is "BoneChina". It uses animal bone meal (ash) and quartz as raw materials. It needs to be fired twice at high temperature and low temperature glaze firing. The addition of animal bone meal makes this porcelain more rigid and translucent, but the greater the bone content, the more likely it is to burn during the production process, thus creating the rare and precious early bone china. For a long time, this kind of ceramic treasure has been regarded as a noble product, especially the beautiful and unique custom bone china mugs, which reflects the humanistic customs on the porcelain plate painting. It is deeply loved by the British royal family and has been listed as a leader for summit meetings in many countries tableware.

Bone china was first produced in the United Kingdom. According to records, around 1800, the British Thomas Frye accidentally mixed animal ashes in the manufacturing process and dramatically invented bone china. For more than 200 years, bone china has gradually developed into a world ceramic treasure through the hands of generations of master craftsmen.

In China, bone china has a history of nearly half a century. In 1964, Tangshan started the research and development of bone china, which was successful in 1973. Tangshan Bone Porcelain is the first in China, filling the gap in China's high-end porcelain production, and has obtained a national invention patent, opening a new era of China's bone porcelain development.

However, a catastrophe in 1976 destroyed all of this. The "7.28" earthquake destroyed all of Tangshan's ceramic industry. Unfortunately, many participants in the bone china project died, which caused the development of bone china. A heavy blow, some precious texts and pictures have not been restored.

With the support of the state and localities, Bone China was reborn soon after. In the 1980s, the people of Tangshan adopted the plastic extrusion ceramic forming method and successfully trial-produced the new microcomputer-controlled firing technology of the tunnel kiln. After that, two firing techniques were successfully developed. Soon, Bone china began to enter the international market. This kind of bone china independently developed and produced in China has a porcelain quality comparable to that of the British bone china coffee mug.

With the improvement of people’s living standards, bone china, as a world-recognized high-end porcelain species, is increasingly sought after by people. Its market scale is gradually expanding. Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Fujian and other provinces have begun to produce bone. porcelain. However, Tangshan bone china still ocmugies a major position, accounting for about 80% of China's bone china production. It is Bone china coffee mug factory.

In September 2011, to help improve the quality of Tangshan bone china products, Tangshan Inspection and Quarantine Bureau established the National Ceramic Testing Key Laboratory and became the governing unit and ceramics of the National Ceramic Testing Key Laboratory Alliance (China Huajian Ceramic Testing Alliance) Supporting product team leader unit. The laboratory's daily ceramic testing capabilities cover 42 domestic and foreign standards, and have obtained CNAS and CMA qualifications. Let the laboratory testing experts come to tell you what testing items need to be passed in the experiment to ensure that the bone china is both exquisite and high-quality.

The history of Tangshan bone porcelain coffee mugs is an important part of the history of Chinese bone porcelain mugs.

Introduction to bone ceramic coffee cups from around the world

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer, 1. The British royal family and the upper-middle class in the United States often use bone china mugs for tea. The moment you met bone china, the aristocratic qualities in her bones were inadvertently revealed.

2. Porcelain originated in China, but bone china was created in the United Kingdom. It was a special porcelain for the British royal family for a long time. Just now, bone china is also a symbol of the identity and status of the owner.
3. A bone china collector once said that one should communicate with bone china through touch, sight and hearing. If you are puzzled, you should hold the bone china in your hand and observe the transparency of the bone china in the light. Feel the fineness and hardness of the china with your hand, and then lightly flick it with your index finger and thumb, you can hear the bone The porcelain "ding" made a crisp sound.

4. The British royal family and the upper-middle class in the United States drink tea and use bone china mugs. They have been favored by the British royal family for more than two hundred years. Queen Elizabeth, Prince Charles, and Princess Diana are all their distinguished guests.
5. The moment you meet bone china, the aristocratic temperament contained in her bones is inadvertently so elegant. Since the enlightenment era in the 18th century, bone china has shined in the royal family of Europe and became the bones on the dining table of the nobility. Bone china has been used by the British royal family for nearly 250 years. Queen Catherine of Russia is also a loyal supporter of bone china. She once owned 952 bone china, from the feast of President Roosevelt’s White House in 1902 to the Queen Mary in 1935. The maiden voyage of a luxury cruise ship, until the coronation ceremony of Queen Elizabeth in 1953, was a feast recorded in the annals of history, bone china tableware always stood proudly in its exquisite posture. Ordinary people who pay attention to the quality of life in Oulu, it is easy to see the elegant hostess brewing flower tea with bone china. The gentle golden borders seem to outline the details of a perfect life. There are many bone chinaware that have been favored by the royal family. When washing bone china mug and watching the light penetrate the soft milky white, you might as well integrate the meticulousness of life into the stunner in your hand, and you will achieve another story that has been passed down for centuries.

The history and manufacturing technology of bone china mugs

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer, 1.Introduction to China Bone Ceramic mugs Bone porcelain, formerly known as bone powder porcelain, is also known as bone porcelain. Bone porcelain refers to the porcelain clay made by mixing bone powder with quartz, which is lightweight and milky white. When placed under light, the porcelain can be faintly transparent. During the production process, animal bone powder is added to the bone porcelain mugs, and it is internationally recognized that the bone powder content is between 43% - 45%, which is called high-quality bone porcelain mugs (BONE CHINA COFFEE MUG)

Bone meal is made from beef, sheep, pig bones, etc Beef bone is preferred. This component can increase the hardness and transparency of porcelain, and its strength is higher than that of ordinary porcelain, so it can be thinner than ordinary porcelain. The higher the bone content, the easier it is to burn and crack during the production process, so the finished product is more expensive. The bone ceramic mug has a lightweight, dense and hard texture (twice that of daily porcelain), is not easy to wear and tear, has moderate transparency and insulation, and has a natural milky white color unique to natural bone powder.

The materials used for bone ceramic mugs are exquisite, with precise production and strict standards. Its regularity, whiteness, transparency, thermal stability, and other physical and chemical indicators require extremely high requirements. In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, porcelain has always been a patent in China. After the Industrial Revolution, modern Europe gradually developed its own porcelain making technology in the development of Venetian glass craftsmanship. They not only copied Chinese Blue and white porcelain mug and colored porcelain, but also developed many high-quality porcelain varieties.

In the 1980s, China successfully fired the first internationally recognized bone china mugs and exported it in large quantities. Bone china Chinese and Western tableware, with its high quality, style, and taste, has become a must choose porcelain for upgrading major star hotels. Famous catering units such as Beijing Shangri La Hotel, Beijing Hilton Hotel, Beijing Quanjude Hotel, Suzhou Sheraton Hotel, Qingdao Hardman Hotel, Zhongnanhai State Guesthouse, etc. have all adopted bone china products and won the love of consumers. Bone porcelain tea mugs, bone coffee mugs, family set tableware, and bone porcelain handicrafts have become ideal utensils for various companies and middle-class families, and are also the best gifts for relatives and friends. Bone china cups have gradually become the main consumer of high-end porcelain in China.

2.The Manufacturing Process of Bone China Mugs

The production of bone ceramic mugs mainly relies on silicon oxide, alumina, and calcium oxide. The higher the content of calcium oxide, the better the color. In nature, there are not many sources of calcium oxide, so animal bone meal is chosen as the source of calcium oxide. This is also the origin of the name of the bone china mug.

In fact, the so-called bone ceramic is a bone ceramic mug made from the ashes of herbivorous animals (mainly Ca3 (PO4) 2), mixed with high-quality kaolin, quartz and other auxiliary materials, and glazed at 1280 ℃. Generally speaking, adding 25% bone powder to the raw material can be called bone porcelain, but the best quality bone porcelain recognized in the world today is 45% -51% bone powder content, with cow bone being the best.

The production process of bone porcelain mugs includes grouting, molding, dehydration of gypsum molds, initial firing, glaze firing, and sticker baking processes. The bone porcelain cup is fired at high temperature to become a porcelain with high whiteness, high transparency, and delicate porcelain quality. During the firing process of bone porcelain mugs, high requirements are placed on their physical and chemical indicators such as regularity, whiteness, transparency, and thermal stability, resulting in a high scrap rate. Due to the exquisite materials used, precise production, and strict standards, the price of bone porcelain mugs is higher than that of other porcelain varieties.

The unique firing process and the addition of bone carbon eliminate impurities in the porcelain clay, making bone porcelain appear cleaner, more delicate, transparent, lightweight, with few defects, and thinner than ordinary porcelain. It has a special sense of cleanliness visually, and its strength is twice that of ordinary porcelain, which is twice that of daily porcelain. The higher the content of bone powder, the relatively lower the composition of clay, which is more prone to cracking during the production process. This requires higher technology in forming, increasing the difficulty of firing, making bone porcelain mugs more precious.

There are also high-end porcelain such as shell porcelain and pearl porcelain, which are similar to bone porcelain. Due to their high cost and almost no industrial production, bone porcelain mugs are recognized as the most high-end ceramic cups in the world.

3.Black spots in the production process of bone porcelain cups

The partial or complete appearance of black spots on the bone porcelain mug is called "smoking". This defect is due to incomplete oxidation or premature reduction of the body, which causes the carbon organic matter and low-temperature carbon deposits in the body of the bone ceramic mug to not be completely burned, and is sealed by the glaze layer. The surface of the bone ceramic cup is gray.

The factors affecting smoking analyzed by Ceramic Mug Group include:

1).During the oxidation stage of low and medium heat insulation, the oxidation is incomplete and some carbon remains in the body, resulting in a grayish black cross-section of the body. Especially when clay containing a large amount of carbon, such as coal gangue, is used in the body, the carbon in the body should be fully oxidized before the glaze layer melts. For products without carbon in the billet, oxidation should also be strengthened during the medium heat insulation stage, and special attention should be paid to coal fired intermittent kilns and thick tire products. This is because in intermittent kilns, the temperature inside the kiln is low and there is a lot of water vapor during ignition. In addition, the flue gas temperature is low at this time and the chimney suction force is weak. During the short period of time when adding coal and prying the furnace, the flame nature inside the kiln is a reducing atmosphere. At this time, not only can the carbon inside the billet cannot be eliminated, but it also causes carbon deposition on the billet. Especially when the moisture content of the billet entering the kiln is high, it is more likely to cause black spots on the bone porcelain mug. So, during the medium heat insulation stage (usually between 1000~1100 ℃), it is necessary to maintain a strong oxidizing atmosphere and have sufficient insulation time. That is to say, in the kiln operation, the thickness of the ash layer, fire layer, and coal seam on the furnace grate should be controlled to ensure good ventilation, a large excess air coefficient, a clear fire layer in the combustion chamber, and every time the coal is added, it must be burned thoroughly to fully oxidize the billet. Otherwise, if the amount of coal added is too high, the ash layer is too thick, the ventilation under the furnace is poor, and the combustion is not thorough, the flue gas containing free carbon generated in the combustion chamber will be stored in the kiln for a long time. At this stage, the porosity of the green body is the highest, and the adsorption is strong, making it easy to adsorb the flue gas, resulting in carbon deposition.

2). In the later stage of the reduction stage, the reduction atmosphere is too thick, that is, when the glaze has melted, the kiln still maintains a strong reduction atmosphere without timely turning into a weak reduction or neutral atmosphere, and the product is still in the reduction atmosphere. Therefore, CO in the flue gas decomposes at high temperatures, causing surface carbon, especially when using calcium glaze. Due to the severe carbon absorption phenomenon of CaO, the glaze smoke is most likely to form.

3). Analysis of Blackening of Bone Porcelain mug: The glaze formula is unreasonable. If excessive CaO or other fluxes are used, the glaze will prematurely produce liquid phase and melt, the vitrification range is too narrow, making it difficult to burn out the deposited carbon in a timely manner, or the temperature difference in the kiln is too large to ensure the atmosphere change of the china bone coffee mug factories, causing some products to be in a chaotic atmosphere or excessive sulfur in the fuel. If the sulfur containing gas stays in the kiln for too long, the sulfur will strongly seize the oxygen in the flue gas, making the reducing atmosphere thicker, Easy to produce smoke defects.

4.Daily maintenance methods for bone porcelain mugs

After drinking coffee or tea using bone china cups, we need to clean them. Because bone china mugs are thin and have a high whiteness, they are harder to clean than ceramic coffee mugs.

When the surface of the bone porcelain cup is stained with oil, clean it with warm water, and the water temperature should not exceed 80 ℃; If it is difficult to clean, add a small amount of edible vinegar to water and then clean.

If the outer wall of the bone porcelain cup is scratched, it can be gently polished with toothpaste; When using a damp cloth or hand to clean, attention should be paid to the force, not too much, to avoid scratching the porcelain.

After use, bone china mugs often leave coffee or tea stains. To clean them, add vinegar or lemon juice to warm water and slowly clean them manually.

Shandong Ceramic Industry Status and Development Plan

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer, shandong Province is located in eastern China and the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is one of the major coastal provinces and cities in my country. The total land area is 156,700 square kilometers, accounting for about 1.6% of the country's total area, ranking 19th in the country. The total population of Shandong in 2008 reached 94.175 million.

Shandong is a famous large-scale Shandong ceramic production area in China, and Zibo and Linyi are the concentrated representatives of Shandong ceramics. Zibo is located at the intersection of the Luzhong Mountains and the Lubei Plain in the middle of Shandong. It has unique geographical advantages. It is connected to Mount Tai in the south, the Yellow River in the north, the coastal tourist cities of Qingdao, Yantai and Weihai in the east, and the spring city of Jinan in the west. Zibo is a cluster city, governing five districts: Zhangdian, Boshan, Zichuan, Zhoucun, Linzi and three counties of Huantai, Yiyuan, and Gaoqing. The Jiqing Expressway runs from east to west in the city.

Zibo is an important industrial and tourist city in Shandong Province, with a total area of 6000 square kilometers and a population of 4 million. Linyi City is located in the southeast of Shandong Province, bordering the Yellow Sea and the north of Jiangsu in the south. Now it has jurisdiction over 9 counties and 3 districts, 180 towns, sub-districts, 7151 administrative villages (residents), 10.36 million people, with a total area of 17,200 square kilometers. Plains, mountainous areas, and hills each account for one-third of the population. The largest city in area.

Linyi has many types of mineral resources. There are 82 kinds of minerals with discovered and proven reserves. Among them, the reserves of diamonds rank second in the country, and the reserves of quartz sandstone, ceramic soil, dolomite and granite rank first in the province. Now Linyi is the second largest ceramic producing area in Shandong. The development of Shandong ceramics industry has unique advantages in raw material resources. It has been proved that the reserves of local limestone resources in Shandong reach 1 billion tons, of which the reserves of the three larger limestone mines are all over 300 million tons. Quartz sandstone, Shandong ceramic clay, ceramic clay and other production ingredients all have large reserves, and individual raw materials are the only producing areas in Shandong Province.

Zibo City is also an important coal producing area in Shandong Province, with an annual output of 10 million tons of coal. In addition, natural gas pipelines have been transported to the main industrial production areas of Shandong ceramics. It has laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of the ceramic industry.

A large number of private enterprises represented by Zibo Taishan Porcelain Industry, Huayang, Guohua, Shuangfeng, Shandong Futai, Hongda, Zhongqiang, and Xinxiang Ceramics have sprung up. After the founding of New China, Shandong Ceramics recovered and developed rapidly. The production technology is continuously improved, and the degree of mechanization of each production process is continuously improved. In the past, Zibo had a Boshan Ceramic Factory organized by more than 100 private kiln factories, with 5,000 employees and selling products in more than 30 countries. A relatively complete ceramic industry foundation has been initially formed.

Production of customized ceramic cups - 6 methods

Xinxiang Custom Ceramic Mug Manufacturer, The history of making porcelain in my country can be traced back to more than 3000 years ago. Although there are many differences between pottery and porcelain mugs, the two are organically linked. Porcelain-making technology was invented on the basis of the continuous development of ceramic-making technology. Although porcelain is made of porcelain clay, the surface is covered with vitreous glaze, and it is baked at a high temperature above 1000 ℃. But as a porcelain carcass, the molding method is basically the same as that of Tao ware, from the earliest manual kneading method and clay stick disc construction method to the mud piece encircling method, wheel molding method, impression method, and grouting method. Wait.

1. Hand Kneading Method

Use your hands to create the clay as you like, pinch out some smaller objects, this is the most primitive and simplest forming method.

2. Clay stick plate construction method

Rub the soil into mud sticks, build the mud stick discs from the bottom to the mouth of the vessel from the bottom to the mouth, then glue the whole vessel with mud, and finally smooth out the mud cracks left by the wall of the vessel. This method appeared in the middle of the Neolithic Age.

3. Mud Piece Enclosing Method

The raw mud blocks are first processed into mud pieces, and then the mud pieces are enclosed and combined into the required shape.

4. Wheel forming method

A method in which mud is placed on the wheel and formed by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the wheel. It is mainly used for the production of round objects, and the wheels are divided into slow wheels and fast wheels.

5. Impression method

The method of inserting the mud into a special mold. Mainly used to make ceramic figurines, animal and utensil parts, patterns, etc.

6. Grouting method

A method of pouring mud into a mold such as plaster, and using the capillary action of the plaster model to adsorb the suspended slurry on the inner wall of the mold to form.

At present, China Ceramic Factories uses three kinds of molding processes: rolling, plastic pressing, and grouting. Both rolling and plastic pressing belong to the impression method. These three types of molding methods are enough to control the changes in the shape of Tao Run's thousands of products.

Rolling is used in the production of circular, symmetrical, and embossed products on the outer surface.

Square products, flat discs and internal surface relief products generally use plastic pressing. Plastic pressing is usually operated by two people at the same time. The whole process includes cutting mud, putting mud, air flushing, tearing, connecting blank, wiping, trimming, and putting on the shelf. . And regularly drain the mold.

The handle of the mug and most special-shaped products require a grouting process. Grouting is more cumbersome and more expensive than rolling and plastic pressing. But at the same time, the value of special-shaped products is usually higher. Grouting includes the steps of grouting, pouring, turning over the mold, ejecting the mold, and finishing the mold.

The process of making stainless steel coffee mugs

Xinxiang Mug Manufacturer, Stainless steel coffee mug production process and the main links:

1. mug design: this stage is mainly based on market demand and design concepts, the appearance and structure of the mug design. Including size, shape, capacity, handle position, sealing method and so on. At the same time, it is also necessary to consider the human-mug interaction and ease of use, such as the weight of the mug body, non-slip, and easy to clean the design.

2. Material selection: stainless steel is a major stainless steel mug production materials. Stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, heat resistance, low temperature resistance and beautiful, but also has a good processing and molding, is an ideal material for manufacturing mugs. Some high standard stainless steel has high corrosion resistance and high temperature strength.

3. Production process: the production process of stainless steel cups mainly includes melting, calendering, cup body molding, welding, grinding and other links. Melting is the stainless steel material heated to the melting point to form a uniform liquid; calendering is the molten stainless steel material through the mold pressed into a certain shape process. Cup body forming is to press the calendered stainless steel sheet into a cup body through a mold; welding is to weld the cup body and the bottom together; grinding is to treat the surface of the weld and the cup body to make it smooth.

4. Surface treatment: In order to improve the corrosion resistance, aesthetics and service life of the stainless steel bottle, the surface of the mug body needs to be properly treated. Common surface treatment methods include pickling, passivation, polishing, sandblasting and so on. Polishing can make the surface smooth as a mirror, while sandblasting can make the surface form a detailed sandpaper feeling.

5. Quality Inspection: Quality inspection is the link to ensure product quality, including the appearance of the mug, size, sealing, pressure resistance and other aspects of the test. For each batch of products will be sampling or full inspection to ensure that the quality of the product meets the standards.

6. Packing and shipping: The final stage is to ship the products in boxes. In order to protect the product and increase its added value, appropriate packaging materials and techniques are usually used for packaging. Once the packaging is completed, the product can be shipped to the end user or customer.

7. Environmental impact: In the production process of stainless steel cups, although most of the links do not involve serious environmental problems, but still need to pay attention to some environmental impact factors. Such as melting process may produce waste and slag, need to configure the appropriate environmental protection equipment for treatment. In addition, the use of packaging materials should also consider environmental protection, as far as possible to choose recyclable or biodegradable packaging materials. At the same time, the energy consumption in the production process mainly comes from electricity and gas, and the energy utilization efficiency should be improved as much as possible to reduce carbon emissions.

By understanding the production process and major aspects of stainless steel bottles, we can better understand their design concept, product quality and service life. At the same time, it also allows us to pay more attention to environmental protection issues, as far as possible, the impact on the environment.

The discoloration principle of ceramic color changing coffee mugs

 Xinxiang Custom Ceramic Mug Manufacturer, The ceramic color changing mug is magical and fun, and many people like it very much. Before pouring coffee, this coffee mug is a very ordinary mug. After pouring in hot coffee, the pattern of the mug changed, and slowly became another picture. This picture may be a photo of you and your lover, maybe a family photo, or a publicity advertisement for enterprises. Do you also want to know while you like the ceramic color changing mug.

1. Why can the ceramic color changing mugs change color?

The ceramic color changing mug is also called the magic mug. Injects hot water in the cup, the outer wall of the cup will change. The color before the change is black, red, etc. After the color change, another customized picture shows.

During the production process of the outer wall of the color changing mug (color changing mug factory), the outer wall of the mug uses temperature sensing materials. There are two types of temperature sensitive materials:1). Temperature painting paper; 2). temperature glaze. When the temperature material is 40 ℃, the color will change. This temperature -sensitive material itself is high -temperature resistant to high temperatures. It can meet the European standards without toxic, lead, and chromium -free.

Temperature glaze is a type of glaze. Its full name is: heterogeneous glaze. Because rare earth elements have a special atomic structure, especially in the outer electron layer of the ceramic cup, there is a 4F electron layer that is not filled with electrons. The transition of this unsaturated electron layer has a variety of electron energy. Electromagnetic radiation in various wavelengths of ultraviolet light and visible light to the infrared light region has special selectivity for light radiation absorption. Therefore, it is possible to use rare earth as a physical tonor or color of glass or ceramic glaze. It can not only produce a variety of colorful colors, but some rare earth elements can also show a multi -color effect, which can be used to make ceramic color glaze.

2. The production process of the ceramic color changing mug

The ceramic magic coffee mug factories must first make warm painting paper. Ceramic factories make the company's custom patterns into drawing paper. This kind of drawing paper is different from ordinary drawing paper. It has an additional process and adds temperature materials to the drawing paper. Then, just like ordinary ceramic mugs. Paste the paper with temperature -sensitive materials onto the ceramic cup. After baking, the discoloration cup was produced.

3. Precautions for using ceramic color changing mugs:

(1) It is strictly forbidden to put in high -temperature places such as microwave oven/disinfection cabinets.

(2) It should not be exposed in strong light.

(3) It should not be soaked in long -term water.

(4) Do not scrape/wipe the surface image of the cup, otherwise it will cause the cup image to fall off.

4. Is it poisonous with a ceramic magic mug? Is it safe to drink coffee with a color changing cup?

The principle of the ceramic color changing mug, just now, the Xinxiang Ceramic Mug Manufacturer has told everyone. From the principle of the magic cup, we can understand that the qualified material is safe without lead chromium. In addition, the temperature sensing material is on the outer wall of the color changing cup, and it does not contact the coffee in the cup. Therefore, in terms of material perspective, the craftsmanship is safe and healthy. The ceramic color changing cup produced by Xinxiang Ceramic Mug Factory has been inspected by SGS and domestic and foreign security. When you customize the ceramic color changing mug, choose a regular ceramic mug factory.

Custom large 40oz stainless steel insulated travel car rambler with straw

This large stainless steel car travel mug comes with a straw, lid and handle. How to customize this capacity is 40oz car coffee mug? Xinxiang mug factory will help you.

PRODUCT SPECS

Material: Stainless steel

Size:bottom:14.8cm,high:31.2cm

Capacity:40 oz

Packing: Giftbox/Whitebox/bulk Package

Production method:OEM/ODM

Weights:650g

Clarification:machine washing,hand washing

Scope of use:water,coffee

Specificities:keep hot,cold

Usage Scenarios:Holiday Gifts, Travel, Outdoor, Sports

Stainless steel insulated cups customers can design by themselves, including capacity, shape, color, pattern and so on. Xinxiang Manufacturer help you with OEM processing.

Translation of professional terms for ceramic mugs (in Chinese and English)

Xinxiang custom ceramic coffee mug manufacturer, During the customization process of ceramic coffee mugs, communication is needed between wholesalers and ceramic coffee mug factories regarding customization issues. There are many professional terms about ceramic coffee cups in ceramic factories. However, many ceramic orderers are not familiar with customization terminology. So, we have compiled a comparison table of commonly used ceramic mug customization terms. The details are as follows:

高温陶瓷high temperature ceramic mugs

中温陶瓷middle temperature ceramic mugs 

低温陶瓷low temperature ceramic mugs 

轻质陶瓷lightweight ceramic mugs 

釉glaze, glazed mugs

原材料raw material

半透明 translucence,translucency, translucent

不渗透的 nonporous

不透明的 opaque

单色的 monochrome

镀金 gild

多色的 polychrome

高白 high white

模型、模特 model

模子 mould

耐热 heat-proof

配方 formula

薄胎瓷 thin china

彩陶器,釉陶 faience

陈设瓷,摆设瓷 display china

骨瓷 bone china, bone china mugs

官瓷 mandarin porcelain, porcelain mugs

光瓷 lusterware

黑色陶器 basalt

裂变瓷 crack porcelain

裂纹瓷 crazed china mugs

米色陶器 creamware

青瓷 celadon

青花瓷 bule and white porcelain

轻质瓷、轻瓷 light china

日用瓷 household china, table ware

软瓷 soft porcelain

杀菌陶瓷 antiseptic pottery

绳纹陶器 Jomon pottery

施釉陶器 slipware

炻瓷 stoneware, stoneware coffee mugs

素彩瓷 plain porcelain

陶 earthenware

陶瓷 pottery

无釉陶、陶瓷素烧坯 biscuit, unglazed ware

锡釉陶 majolica

细瓷 fine china

硬瓷 hard porcelain

赭色陶器 terra sigillata

烧制 firing

转印 transfer print

釉上彩 overglazed color figure

釉下彩 underglazed color figure

The firing temperature of white porcelain mug and stoneware mug

 Xinxiang ceramic mug manufactuer co., ltd. ,Ceramics: Ceramics are made of clay as the main raw material and various natural minerals through crushing, mixing, molding and calcining, and various products. At present, the ceramics we make are mainly stoneware and high-temperature porcelain. White ceramic mug supplier belong to high-temperature porcelain, and colored glazed mugs belong to medium-temperature porcelain, which can also be called stoneware mug factory.

Firing temperature: high temperature porcelain (1300 degrees), medium temperature porcelain (1200 degrees), stoneware (1100 degrees), pottery (800 degrees)

Color classification: white porcelain mug (blue-white, creamy white), colored porcelain mugs (black, royal blue, red, yellow, green, pink)

Material composition: bone china (15%-45%), new bone china (beautiful jade porcelain, magnesia porcelain), ordinary porcelain

Process classification: grouting products (low efficiency, high price, easy to deform), machine-made products (high efficiency, low price, good molding)

1. Color-glazed porcelain coffee mugs, the colored-glazed porcelain is directly painted on the embryo before the product is fired, and then fired at a high temperature. It belongs to underglaze colored ceramics. The patterns on the porcelain are artificially painted and have artistic value.

2. Shell porcelain mugs, shell porcelain is made of high-white clay, high-white glaze and shell powder through scientific formula, after firing at a high temperature of more than 1200 degrees Celsius, then painting, glazing again, and passing through the second high temperature The firing makes it non-toxic, lead-free, harmless and never fade, not easy to break, suitable for dishwasher washing.

3. Reinforced porcelain mugs. Reinforced porcelain is a high-quality porcelain mud with aluminum and magnesium and other ingredients and then fired at about 1300 degrees Celsius, allowing them to recrystallize and combine, magnetize them into a substance, and it is its housekeeping ability.

4. Magnesium reinforced porcelain mug is made of magnesia stone powder and high feldspar powder as the main raw materials, and is fired at a high temperature of about 1340 degrees Celsius. Its strength is super high, the brittleness is very low, high whiteness, and the glaze is smooth. The service life is 3-5 times that of ordinary ceramics, and it is an ideal product suitable for sterilizing tableware among all daily-use ceramics.Reported by Ceramic mug yellow page.

5. Magnesia porcelain mug. Magnesia porcelain is mainly made of magnesium-rich silicate mineral talc as the main raw material of porcelain clay, and it is made by firing at a high temperature of 1380 degrees Celsius.

Mug factory Strengthen the characteristics of porcelain mugs

Xinxiang ceramic mug manufacturer co.,ltd., DURABLE CHINA is a best-selling porcelain mugs. Its main characteristics are: the material has high impact resistance and bending strength, and the product type is generally outer curling. Its weight is lighter than thicker stoneware; thicker stoneware Thin, high-temperature structure strength of the porcelain body during the firing process, small firing deformation. Reinforced porcelain mugs are very popular among consumers because they are not easy to touch the edge of the crack and are durable.

It is not easy to break, the texture is hard, the molding degree is high, and the impact resistance is its housekeeping skill. However, the content of heavy metals such as lead and chromium is relatively large and the price is relatively low.

Fine porcelain mugs: soft whiteness, strong light transmission, showing a texture and brightness different from ordinary porcelain, exuding the noble temperament of aristocracy.

The shape of the utensils is regular: the picture has a brighter glazed texture.

Good heat preservation: Compared with traditional porcelain, strengthened porcelain has better heat preservation, and you have more feelings when drinking coffee or tea.

Environmentally friendly porcelain: Reinforced porcelain is mostly low-lead products. Because it is the basic guarantee of European and American society, the quality of products is in line with Europe and the United States.

Better strength, thinner carcass, lighter specific gravity: Due to the different composition of reinforced porcelain and ordinary porcelain, it can be thinner and tougher.

Reinforced porcelain is a high-quality porcelain mug manufacturer with aluminum, magnesium and other ingredients added or using magnesia stone powder and high feldspar powder as the main raw materials and then fired at 1340 degrees Celsius to recrystallize and combine them, magnetized into a substance that is resistant to impact and impact It is its housekeeping skills.

The firing temperature of strengthened porcelain is about 1200 degrees, suitable for large temperature differences. The glaze is a glaze with high gloss and good transparency, so that the product has high whiteness, fine glaze surface, and slightly better transparency. It belongs to high-end porcelain.

The main raw material is talc, which has the characteristics of high whiteness and high strength, and is resistant to acid, alkali and scratches. It is most suitable for porcelain in high-end hotels and restaurants. In addition to the characteristics of general high-grade custom fine porcelain mugs, it also has unique high strength. , Acid and alkali resistant, easy to wash performance, can withstand the collision of kitchen work, not easy to damage, suitable for mechanical washing, microwave ovens, electric ovens, is the most ideal Chinese and Western restaurants, restaurants and modern homes. It has been designated as the porcelain for state banquets in the Great Hall of the People and Diaoyutai State Guesthouse.

The difference between white porcelain mug and bone china mugs

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer co.,ltd How to distinguish white porcelain and bone porcelain when buying? Actually, the method is very simple. To sum it up are the following four points: assessing weight, observing form, discerning color, and listening.

Estimated weight: If you compare the custom white porcelain mug and bone china above, the weight of the same porcelain shape is generally slightly heavier than white porcelain and lighter bone china.

Appearance: It is distinguishable in shape. Compared with white porcelain, ceramic coffee mug factory has a thinner body, rounder and smoother shape, and better light transmittance due to process and raw materials.

Color discrimination: high-grade bone china porcelain has fine and dense texture, smooth surface, bright glaze, and a natural milky white color. The higher the content of bone powder, the closer it is to milky white. On the contrary, if the content of bone powder is low, the bone china itself is yellowish. It's very obvious.

Listening: In terms of timbre, the white porcelain is heavier and thicker, and the two bowls make a "ding" sound when they touch each other, and there is basically no echo; the two bowls of high-grade bone china are placed on flat hands. Crash, pay attention, bone china is a high-temperature fired porcelain, the hardness is very high, such a collision will not be damaged, please rest assured, you can use a little harder collision, high-grade bone china, After the collision, the sound of "clang" was as clear as the bell ringing, and there was an echo.

The characteristics of low bone china ceramic mug

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer co.,ltd, Low bone china is a newly developed type of porcelain, which is somewhat related to bone china. Generally speaking, porcelain with 10% bone powder in the raw materials can be called low bone china, while bone-setting bone china generally contains about 40% bone powder; it has the same transparency, thinness and smoothness as bone china, but the price is lower Bone china is much cheaper. Therefore, as soon as it appeared on the market, it was welcomed by various low- and mid-range hotels. It has the following characteristics:

1. The color of personalised bone china mug is natural milky white unique to natural bone meal, and it is beautiful and generous!

2. Beautiful appearance: fine and transparent porcelain, beautiful and elegant shape, colorful surface like jade, colorful surface.

3. The product has high strength, compact and hard not easy to wear and break, 180 degrees and 20 degrees water heat exchange without cracking, water absorption rate is less than 0.003%, suitable for dishwashers.

4. With light transmittance and light texture, it is mainly suitable for the setting table in the front hall of the mid-end hotel, the setting table and the kitchen of the high-end hotel.

Although low bone china mug factory has most of the characteristics of bone china and is popular, there are still some differences between the two:

1. The difference in the content of bone meal: generally 10% bone meal can be called low bone china, while bone china needs to contain more than 30%.

2. High bone china needs two firings, while low bone china only needs one firing.

3. High-bone china glazing needs to be glazing with a spray gun after the product is unfired, while low-bone china glazing only needs to immerse the whole body in the glaze and then take it out to dry.

Note that generally speaking, most of the bone china produced in Tangshan is high bone china, and most of the bone china produced in Jingdezhen is low bone china.

2023 China Zibo Ceramic Mugs Industry Status

 Xinxiang Custom Ceramic Mug Manufacturer, The annual output of high-end porcelain in Zibo Porcelain Area can reach 80 million pieces, an increase of more than 20% over the same period last year. Exports were expanded, and the level of single-piece foreign exchange for export products was significantly improved. The export of high-end products has been increased, and the proportion of high-end products in Shandong's ceramic export products has been increased. The output of export products has accounted for more than 60% of the total production of daily-use ceramics. It supports the development of private enterprises and creates a good development environment for the development of private enterprises.

A large number of private enterprises represented by Zibo Porcelain Industry, Huayang, Guohua, Shuangfeng, Shandong Futai, Hongda, Zhongqiang, and Xinxiang Ceramics have sprung up. After the founding of New China, Shandong Ceramics recovered and developed rapidly. The production technology is continuously improved, and the degree of mechanization of each production process is continuously improved. In the past, Zibo had a Boshan Ceramic Factory organized by more than 100 private kiln factories, with 5,000 employees and selling products in more than 30 countries. A relatively complete ceramic industry foundation has been initially formed.

Before the Cultural Revolution, Zibo had gradually developed into one of the eight major ceramic production areas in my country. In the period of reform and opening up, Zibo Porcelain District developed rapidly. In 1982, Shandong Ceramics Company was established and the company is located in Boshan District, Zibo City. Since entering the 21st century, there are 180 ceramic production enterprises in Zibo Porcelain District, Shandong, with 37,000 employees and an annual output of 559 million pieces of Shandong ceramics.

Zibo ceramic products export to more than 70 countries and regions in the world. At present, Zibo ceramic industry has a number of well-known ceramic companies and a number of brand products in the domestic and foreign markets with the advantages of ceramic enterprise clusters. Now, Shandong Zibo Ceramics has formed six major bases, which are export ceramic base, high-end hotel porcelain base, advanced glass ceramic refractory materials, ceramic decoration material base, high-tech coating base and Shandong ceramic base. Shandong Zibo ceramic production area has developed into a large-scale, unique and comprehensive ceramic production base in China.

Personalised ceramic mug manufacturing process

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug suppliers, Raw material of personalised ceramic mugs 

Excellent bone china is formed by adding a large amount of bovine bone powder with less impurities to the raw material with feldspar and scopole clay as the main raw material: because the raw material contains a large amount of bone powder, the clay becomes less viscous, Therefore, in the production process, special care must be taken in forming.

Firing

1. After forming and processing, it is sintered at the highest temperature of 1250 degrees. During the sintering process, the shrinkage of bone china is very large, so the finished product will shrink by 20% after kiln firing (generally porcelain shrinks by 7%), so the shape is easy to deform. The bowls must be placed on the special Kuang bowls for long-term cooking.

2. After that, the shape and size are checked. After grinding the surface, spray the glaze with a sprayer and enter the kiln to burn the glaze at 1150 degrees.

Coloring

The general coloring method is to paste transfer paper on the white finished product and fire it at 820 degrees.

an examination

All the itineraries are strictly inspected, and only qualified products are sent to the next itinerary and made into finished products.

If you want to contact personalised ceramic mug manufacturers, you can visite Ceramic Mug Group.

Export Data of China's Household Ceramics in 2022

 Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer co.,ltd, The concept of daily ceramics

Daily ceramics refer to ceramic products used for food and drink, such as plates, bowls, cups, and plates. The emergence of daily ceramics can be said to be due to people's needs for daily life. In daily life, people come into contact with the most familiar porcelain, such as tableware, tea sets, coffee sets, wine sets, rice sets, etc.

Daily use ceramics have the advantages of easy washing and keeping clean, good thermal stability, slow heat transfer, stable chemical properties, durability, few pores, low water absorption and colorful color painting decoration, especially high temperature glaze, blue and white decoration and other lead-free poisoning hazards, which can be used boldly. They are very popular and widely used in families, hotels, gifts, wine bottles and other fields.

The main indicators related to human health in daily branded ceramic mugs are the release of heavy metal elements such as lead and cadmium. There is little or no lead release and cadmium release from underglaze color products, underglaze color products, colored glazed porcelain, white porcelain, and the vast majority of Overglaze decoration color products also have very low lead release and cadmium release, which are within the control range of national standards. Very few Overglaze decoration color products use inferior pigments, or use excessive amounts of pigments with high lead and cadmium content in pattern design, or the temperature and ventilation conditions during baking are insufficient, and the lead and cadmium dissolution will exceed the maximum allowable limit of national standards.

At present, the problem of excessive heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in daily ceramics has been basically solved, meeting the requirements of non-toxic, durable, and aesthetically pleasing appearance. In addition to solving the problem of excessive heavy metals in traditional daily ceramics, we should also develop new types of healthy ceramics. At present, there are some new kinds of health ceramics: trace element health glaze with special health care functions, antibacterial ceramics, Far infrared high-energy biochemical ceramics.

Analysis of the current market situation of daily ceramic industry

With the deterioration of the international economic situation, more and more countries are implementing various almost stringent technical standards to manufacture trade barriers. In order to effectively respond to trade protection, Chinese ceramic enterprises must first rely on technological innovation to achieve industrial standard upgrading. At the same time, relevant enterprises should actively obtain the Professional certification of ceramic products from relevant countries to obtain the qualification to enter the markets of these countries.

At present, there is still a certain gap between domestic daily ceramic products and developed countries and regions such as Europe, the United States, and Japan. The fundamental reason is the design concept. In foreign countries, daily ceramic products have long been separated from the concept of "pots and pans" and are designed and operated as valuable artworks. With the continuous improvement of national quality and economic income, people's quality of life and aesthetic ability are also constantly improving. Daily ceramic products have been regarded as artworks, and traditional ceramic product styles can no longer meet the pursuit of modern people. Therefore, ceramic products should develop in the direction of shaping irregularity, diversifying decorative art, humanizing, highly technical, and distinctive themes. The design of daily ceramics is a product of the combination of life, art, and science. Designers should grasp the design concept of "people-oriented", constantly learn and explore, and design various high-quality and high artistic value daily ceramic products.

According to data, the size of China's ceramic tableware market continues to grow, increasing from 44 billion yuan to 56.1 billion yuan from 2015 to 2019. It is estimated that the market size in 2020 was about 60 billion yuan. From January to August 2021, China's daily ceramic exports reached 3.14 million tons, an increase of 630000 tons compared to the same period in 2020, a year-on-year increase of 25.3%. In the consumption structure of daily ceramics, household use accounts for the highest proportion, at 65.8%; The second is commercial accommodation, accounting for 24.6%.

In 2022, the export volume of China's daily ceramics was 4.97 million tons, a decrease of 140000 tons compared to the same period in 2021, a year-on-year decrease of 2.5%.

On a monthly basis, the export quantity of China's daily ceramics(china ceramic coffee mug suppliers) reached its peak in January 2022, reaching 510000 tons, an increase of 70000 tons compared to the same period in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 16.5%. The export quantity in the same period last year was 440000 tons, and the cumulative export quantity in January 2022 was 510000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 16.5%. 280000 tons in February 2022, a year-on-year decrease of 20000 tons; 300000 tons in March, a year-on-year decrease of 20000 tons; 390000 tons in April, a year-on-year increase of 10000 tons; 480000 tons in May, a year-on-year increase of 80000 tons; 450000 tons in June, a year-on-year increase of 40000 tons; 450000 tons in July, a year-on-year increase of 40000 tons; 440000 tons in August, a year-on-year decrease of 10000 tons; 440000 tons in September, a year-on-year decrease of 10000 tons; 410000 tons in October, a year-on-year decrease of 70000 tons; 390000 tons in November, a year-on-year decrease of 120000 tons; 430000 tons in December, a year-on-year increase of 90000 tons.

The export value of China's daily ceramics in 2022 was 22495992 million US dollars, a decrease of 372.829 million US dollars compared to the same period in 2021, a year-on-year decrease of 0.9%.

On a monthly basis, the export amount of China's daily ceramics reached its peak in January 2022, reaching $2208.741 million, an increase of $353.795 million compared to the same period in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 19.3%. The export amount in the same period last year was $1854.946 million, and the cumulative export amount in January 2022 was $2208.741 million, a year-on-year increase of 19.3%.

The average export price of China's daily ceramics in 2022 was 45.2636 million US dollars per 10000 tons, while the average export price of China's daily ceramics in 2021 was 44.7531 million US dollars per 10000 tons.

On a monthly basis, the average export price of China's daily ceramics reached its peak in November 2022, at 51.7646 million US dollars/10000 tons, an increase of 4.9632 million US dollars/10000 tons compared to the same period in 2021, and the average price for the same period last year was 46.8014 million US dollars/10000 tons.

Characteristics and production process of high temperature porcelain mugs

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer co.,ltd, High temperature porcelain mugs (porcelain)

High-temperature porcelain is called high-temperature porcelain, mainly white porcelain, with transparent glaze as the main glaze. The product has good whiteness and belongs to middle-grade porcelain. The carcass is dense and the water absorption rate is <0.5%. The higher the temperature, the greater the crystal density of the glaze, the higher the strength of the porcelain surface, and it is not easy to produce scratches. The porcelain coffee mug does not need to be cleaned with oil, and the tea set does not have tea stains. The color is "white" and the white is not yellow. "The good name."

High-temperature porcelain can also be fired at high temperature again

High temperature porcelain is crisper

High temperature porcelain hardness is firmer

The color of high-temperature porcelain is fuller, delicate and crystal clear

Medium temperature porcelain mug factory production process

It is also called stoneware porcelain. The firing temperature is about 1200 degrees, and the water absorption rate is higher than that of white porcelain, <6%. The white porcelain mug is made of milky white glaze, and it can also be made into colored glaze ceramic mugs of various colors. Slightly lower, it is the best choice for advertising and promoting ceramic mugs. With milky white or colored glaze as the main raw material, the whiteness is dark, and the colored glaze is the main material, which belongs to the middle-grade porcelain.

Production process and characteristics of bone china mug

Bone china, also known as bone china, was produced in England. The academic circles generally believe that the first Englishman to successfully produce bone china was Josiah Spode (1755-1827). Josiah Spode directly mixed the calcined bones with china clay and mineral flux to become a traditional hard porcelain raw material, which was successfully tested in the early 19th century. Then he began to conduct systematic research on the formulation of bone china. At the end of 1821, the ratio of bone ashes to porcelain stone was "standardized". At that time, it was believed that the porcelain produced by using feldspar as a flux and containing 46% of the ashes was the best. Good product.

The sintering temperature is 1200 degrees, and the raw materials contain beef and sheep bone meal. The grade is determined by the content of bone meal. The higher the content of bone meal, the higher the grade. Three characteristics of thinness, lightness and transparency, milky white, belong to high-grade porcelain. With the same mug shape, wholesale bone china mugs are much lighter than white porcelain, stoneware, and strengthened porcelain mugs, and have good light transmittance, showing a natural milky white color, and the sound of a hand clasp is as sweet as a bell. Most suitable for making high-end daily-use porcelain for gifts.

The two basic characteristics of bone china are the essential basis for distinguishing bone china from other porcelains.

Feature 1: The bone char content is over 36% (national standard);

Feature 2: After the second firing (biscuits, glaze firing). According to the bone china standards set by the United Kingdom, it contains 30% of the tricalcium phosphate from animal bones, and the finished product has light transmittance, so it can be called bone china. The American standard is at least 25%.

Customized ceramic sublimation mugs are classified by material

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer, Ceramic English (or China). Ceramics are various products made of natural clay and various natural minerals as the main raw materials through crushing, mixing, molding and calcining. The sublimation mugs is made of clay, and its classification is also different according to the clay. In the past, people called ceramics made from clay and fired at high temperature in a special kiln. Ceramics is the general term for pottery and porcelain. The traditional concept of ceramics refers to all artificial industrial products that use clay and other inorganic non-metallic minerals as raw materials. It includes various products made from clay or a mixture containing clay through kneading, shaping and calcining. From the roughest earthenware to the finest fine pottery and porcelain belong to its scope. Its main raw material is silicate minerals (such as clay, quartz, etc.) derived from nature, so it belongs to the category of "silicate industry" with industries such as glass, cement, enamel, and refractories. The main production areas of ceramics are Jingdezhen, Liling, Gaoan, Fengcheng, Pingxiang, Lichuan, Foshan, Chaozhou, Dehua, Zibo Ceramic, Tangshan, Beiliu and other places. In addition, Jingdezhen is my country's "Porcelain Capital".

Common ceramic materials include clay, alumina, and kaolin. Ceramic materials generally have higher hardness but poor plasticity. In addition to being used in food utensils and decorations, ceramics also play an important role in the development of science and technology. The ceramic raw materials are made by quenching a large amount of earth's original resource clay. The nature of clay is tough. It can be plasticized when it meets water at room temperature. It can be carved slightly dry, and can be ground dry; when it is burned to 700 degrees, it can be filled with water; when it is burned to 1230 degrees, it can be porcelain. corrosion. The flexibility of its usage has various creative applications in today's cultural technology. Invented pottery. Ceramic materials are mostly oxides, nitrides, borides and carbides.

Pottery material: Compared with porcelain, the texture of pottery is relatively loose and the particles are coarser. The firing temperature is generally between 900 degrees and 1500 degrees, and the temperature is lower. After firing, the color is naturally interesting, simple and elegant, and has become many artists One of the favorite modeling performance materials. There are many types of pottery. The common ones are black pottery, white pottery, red pottery, gray pottery and yellow pottery. Red pottery, gray pottery and black pottery use pottery clay with high iron content as raw materials, and iron pottery clay is red in an oxidizing atmosphere , It is gray or black in reducing atmosphere.

Porcelain material: Compared with pottery, porcelain has the characteristics of hard, dense, forbidden, high temperature resistance, and rich glaze. The firing temperature is generally around 1300 degrees. "Thin as paper", porcelain often feels noble and gorgeous, which is the opposite of the simplicity of pottery. Therefore, when many artists create ceramic works of art, they emphasize the distinct sensory enjoyment that the texture of pottery or porcelain brings to the viewer. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and compare the characteristics of the two different materials before creation.

Custom sublimation mug manufacturers, the porcelain of the ceramic sublimation mugs can be roughly divided into high temperature porcelain (mainly white porcelain), medium temperature porcelain (stoneware), bone porcelain, strengthened porcelain, and magnesia strengthened porcelain. The white ceramic mugs are all high-temperature porcelains, and the colored glazed mugs are medium-temperature porcelains, which can also be called stoneware.

99 technical problems in the production of ceramic coffee mugs

Xinxiang Custom Ceramic Mug Manufacturer, In the process of making pottery, under various cumbersome processes, a slight negligence may result in a work that is different from the imagination, but these small flaws can actually be avoided, but these small flaws are too "small" and often make "careless" "My dears ignore it, or are regarded as alternative beauty, so they don't care about it, and they just leave it alone. Today, I will list these 99 small flaws to my parents. There was a slight surprise in sympathy, it turned out to be like this...

1. Ceramic Mug Deformation: the product presents a shape that does not conform to the prescribed design.

2. Ceramic Mug Mouth or handle is crooked: Refers to the mouth, ears, and the height of the mouth, ears, and the height of the mouth are uncomfortable, crooked.

3. Ceramic Mug Knots: raised tumor-like solid bodies under the glaze body.

4. Ceramic Mug Blank bubble: hollow bubble raised under the glaze body.

5. Ceramic Mug Mud: Defects caused by uncleaned mud and glaze residue on the blank.

6. Ceramic Mug Lack of mud: the phenomenon of incomplete body.

7. Ceramic Mug Glaze bubbles: small bubbles on the glaze surface.

8. Ceramic Mug Blister edge: a series of small bubbles on the edge of the product mouth.

9. Billet explosion: improper moisture control of the billet before entering the kiln, local spalling caused by firing.

10. Fried glaze: the phenomenon of product glaze cracking.

11.Ceramic Mug Cracks: refers to striated defects formed by cracking of blank and glaze. Including: A, cracks: cracks covered by glaze B, glaze cracks: refers to the glaze cracked but the body is not cracked C, glaze cracks: refers to the cracks of the body and glaze.

12. Caverns: holes created by the melting of fusible substances during the firing process.

13. Ceramic Mug Spots: colored stains on the surface of products, also known as iron spots.

14. Ceramic Mug Pores: small pores (or brown eyes, pig pores, pinholes) appearing on the glazed surface.

15. Dregs falling: there are saggers and ash particles on the glaze of the product.

16. Slag sticking along the bottom edge: there are small slag particles sticking to the edge of the bottom of the product.

17. Needle points-traces left by the support on the product.

18. Sticky scar: the defect formed by the bonding between the green body and the foreign object during firing.

19. Fire thorn: a yellowish brown rough surface caused by fly ash in the flame.

20. Glaze lack: Partial deglaze on the surface of the product, including: A. Pressed glaze: strip-shaped lack of glaze at the concave joint of the green body. B. Rolling (shrinking) glaze: Rolling on both sides of the glaze to form a middle gap glaze.

21. Orange glaze: The glaze is similar to orange peel.

22. Slime and glaze strands: the strand-like phenomenon of local raised body and glaze surface.

23. Thin glaze: Because the glaze layer is too thin on the surface of the product, the phenomenon of partial glaze is not bright.

24. Dirty color: the surface of the product shows unnecessary variegated color.

25. The color is not correct: the color of the same pattern is uneven or not bright due to lack of fire.

26. Defects in drawing lines: defects in lines and edges decorated with lines.

27. Picture defects: picture defects and improper color.

28. Sticky glaze of baked flowers: colored stains and glaze damage on the glaze surface of products during the baking process.

29. Dirty soles of feet: The soles of feet are stained by other impurities.

30. The color difference of the mouth and ear joint mud: the color of the mouth and ear joint mud is inconsistent with the color of the product itself

31. Dirty gypsum: The phenomenon of discoloration of the green body due to the adhesion of gypsum.

32. Blue gold: blue phenomenon due to thin gold layer.

33. Ceramic Mug Smoky: part or all of the products appear gray-black and brown.

34. Yellow shade: part or all of the product is yellow.

35. Glaze scratches: the phenomenon of streaks and partial loss of gloss on the glaze of the product.

36. Bumping: part of the product is impacted or incomplete (or flawed).

37. Rolling marks-arc-like marks produced in rolling or knife forming.

38. Wave pattern: The wave pattern on the glaze surface of the product.

39. Stale: the process of storing the blank in a suitable temperature and high humidity environment for a period of time to improve its forming performance.

40. Formulation of blank glaze: blank, the weight percentage of various raw materials in the glaze.

41. Sieve residue: refers to the percentage of the weight of the residue on the sieve to the total weight of the dry sample after the material has been sieved.

42. Fineness: refers to the size of solid particles. In ceramic production, it is customary to use the sieve residue of a standard sieve to express.

43. Forming: the operation of making a blank into a blank with a certain shape and specification.

44. Plastic forming: under the action of external force, a method of plastically deforming a plastic blank into a blank.

45. Knife compression molding: a method in which the plastic blank placed in the rotating plaster mold is squeezed, scraped and sheared with a molding knife to form a blank. 

46. Roll forming: A method of rolling the plastic blank in the model rotating in the same direction with a rotating roller head, and the blank is uniformly expanded by the rolling force to form a blank.

46, grouting molding: inject mud into the porous model, when the injection part reaches the required thickness, remove the excess mud to form a hollow injection part.

47. Solid grouting: The water in the mud is absorbed by the model, and the injection piece is formed between the two molds, and there is no grouting method in which excess mud is discharged.

48. Dry pressing molding: a method in which granular powder with a moisture content of less than 6% is placed in a mold and directly pressed to form.

49. Semi-dry pressing molding: a method in which granular powder with a moisture content of 6-12% is placed in a mold and directly pressed and formed

50. Isostatic pressing: a method in which granular powder is compacted and formed in an elastic soft mold under the equalized pressure transmitted by a liquid or gas medium.

51. Drying of the green body: the process of removing non-chemically bound water in the green body.

52. Drying system: In order to achieve the best drying effect, the drying time and speed of each stage of the drying process, the temperature and humidity of the drying medium and other parameters are stipulated.

53. Ceramic Mug Glazing: the operation of covering a layer of glaze on the surface of the body.

54. Male mold: refers to the raised working surface, used to form the model of the inner surface of the utensil.

55. Female mold: refers to the concave working surface, used to form the model of the outer surface of the utensil.

56. Plaster mold: a working mold made from gypsum as a raw material for forming green bodies.

57. Firing: The process of firing the green body into ceramic products.

58. Biscuit: the baking process of the green body before glazing.

59. Glaze firing: the firing process of biscuit slab after glazing.

60. Second firing: The firing method of the green body is first sintered and then glaze firing.

61. One-time firing: the method of firing the product with or without glaze directly without firing.

62. Firing system: In order to fire qualified ceramic products and achieve the best firing effect, the operating parameters of temperature, atmosphere and pressure in the kiln are stipulated.

63. Oxidizing atmosphere: The gas in the kiln has the ability to oxidize, and its excess air coefficient is greater than 1. The atmosphere in the kiln is called oxidizing gas

64. Reducing atmosphere: The gas in the kiln has reducing ability, and its air excess coefficient is less than 1, so the atmosphere in the kiln is called reducing gas

65. Neutral atmosphere: The gas in the kiln does not have the ability to oxidize and reduce, and its excess air coefficient is equal to 1. The atmosphere in the kiln is called a neutral atmosphere.

66. Air excess coefficient: the ratio of actual air consumption to theoretical air consumption during fuel combustion.

67. Firing cycle: the time required by the firing curve to complete during firing.

68. Kiln furniture: auxiliary refractory utensils for firing, such as saggers and slabs.

69. Saggar: a refractory container used to hold ceramic bodies during firing.

70. Shed plate: used to support the blank refractory plate or scaffold refractory plate during firing.

71. Ceramic decoration: beautify ceramic products with craftsmanship and decorative materials.

72. On-glaze color: Use on-glaze paint or decals made from it and other decorative materials to decorate the glaze surface of the product, and it is a decoration method that is baked at a temperature below 900 degrees.

73. In-glaze color: use pigments that can withstand a certain high temperature or decal paper made of it, decorate the glaze or the glaze surface of the product, and fire at the same temperature or close to the temperature when the glaze is fired , The decorative method in which the pigment sinks and fuses in the glaze.

74. Underglaze color: Use underglaze paint or decal paper made from it to decorate the surface of the precision blank, biscuit blank, and glaze blank, and then cover with a layer of glaze, after high temperature firing The method of decoration made.

75. Porcelain: In ceramic products, the matrix is vitrified or partly vitrified, the water absorption rate is not more than 3%, has a certain degree of light transmission, the section is delicate and shell-like or stone-like, and the knocking sound is crisp. Class products.

76. Fine Porcelain: A type of porcelain with fine matrix, smooth glazed surface, and water absorption rate not greater than 0, 5% by using good quality raw materials and meticulous processing.

77. Feldspar porcelain: feldspar-quartz-kaolin three-component porcelain with feldspar as the main flux in the body.

78. Sericite porcelain: Sericite-quartz-kaolin three-component porcelain with sericite as the main flux in the body.

79. Pottery: a kind of ceramic products with basic sintered matrix, non-density, water absorption rate greater than 3%, no light transmission, rough section and dull knocking sound.

80. The amount of lead and cadmium leached out: the amount of lead and cadmium leached out after the contact surface of ceramic products and food is soaked in acid medium.

81. Particle distribution: the weight percentage of different particle grades in powder or granular materials.

82. Thermogravimetric analysis: a method to record the weight change analysis of the sample during the heating process with time or temperature.

83. Mud thixotropy: When the mud is vibrated and stirred, the viscosity will decrease and the fluidity will increase. After standing for a period of time, the mud will thicken again.

84. Plasticity: A mud mass with an appropriate amount of water will deform without cracking under the action of a certain external force, and maintain its deformation performance after the external force is removed.

85. Drying shrinkage rate: The difference between the length of the sample after molding and the length after drying to constant weight is called the dry line shrinkage rate as a percentage of the length after molding; the difference in volume is called the dry body as the percentage of the volume after molding. Shrinkage.

86. Firing shrinkage: The difference between the length of the sample before and after firing is called the percentage of the length after drying to constant weight. The difference in volume is called the percentage of the volume after drying to constant weight. Shrinkage rate of fired body.

87. Bus shrinkage ratio: the percentage of the difference between the length of the sample after molding and the length after firing to the length after molding.

88. Firing temperature: the firing temperature that enables ceramic products to have the expected performance.

89. Firing range: For porcelain, it is the temperature range from vitrified into porcelain to below the softening temperature; for pottery, it is the temperature range corresponding to the upper and lower limits of the product's water absorption .

90. The melting temperature range of the glaze is the temperature range from the initial melting temperature to the mature temperature of the glaze.

91. Transmittance: the degree of visible light through ceramic products. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the amount of light transmitted through a 1 mm thick sample to the amount of light irradiated on the sample.

92. Glossiness: the reflective ability of the ceramic surface to visible light. It is usually expressed as the percentage of the intensity of the specular reflection to the intensity of the incident light.

93. Whiteness: the ability of ceramic products to diffusely reflect visible light. It is usually expressed as the percentage of the amount of diffusely reflected light from the sample to the amount of incident light.

94. Thermal stability (thermal shock resistance): the ability of ceramic products to resist sharp changes in external temperature without cracks or breakage.

95. Pores: the pores in the ceramic matrix.

96. Open pores: pores in the ceramic carcass that are open to the atmosphere. Closed pores-pores in the ceramic matrix that are not open to the atmosphere.

97. Total porosity: the sum of open porosity and closed porosity in the ceramic matrix.

99. Water absorption: After the open pores in the ceramic carcass are saturated with water, the weight of the sucked water is dried at 110 degrees for the sample.