Introduction to bone ceramic coffee cups from around the world

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer, 1. The British royal family and the upper-middle class in the United States often use bone china mugs for tea. The moment you met bone china, the aristocratic qualities in her bones were inadvertently revealed.

2. Porcelain originated in China, but bone china was created in the United Kingdom. It was a special porcelain for the British royal family for a long time. Just now, bone china is also a symbol of the identity and status of the owner.
3. A bone china collector once said that one should communicate with bone china through touch, sight and hearing. If you are puzzled, you should hold the bone china in your hand and observe the transparency of the bone china in the light. Feel the fineness and hardness of the china with your hand, and then lightly flick it with your index finger and thumb, you can hear the bone The porcelain "ding" made a crisp sound.

4. The British royal family and the upper-middle class in the United States drink tea and use bone china mugs. They have been favored by the British royal family for more than two hundred years. Queen Elizabeth, Prince Charles, and Princess Diana are all their distinguished guests.
5. The moment you meet bone china, the aristocratic temperament contained in her bones is inadvertently so elegant. Since the enlightenment era in the 18th century, bone china has shined in the royal family of Europe and became the bones on the dining table of the nobility. Bone china has been used by the British royal family for nearly 250 years. Queen Catherine of Russia is also a loyal supporter of bone china. She once owned 952 bone china, from the feast of President Roosevelt’s White House in 1902 to the Queen Mary in 1935. The maiden voyage of a luxury cruise ship, until the coronation ceremony of Queen Elizabeth in 1953, was a feast recorded in the annals of history, bone china tableware always stood proudly in its exquisite posture. Ordinary people who pay attention to the quality of life in Oulu, it is easy to see the elegant hostess brewing flower tea with bone china. The gentle golden borders seem to outline the details of a perfect life. There are many bone chinaware that have been favored by the royal family. When washing bone china mug and watching the light penetrate the soft milky white, you might as well integrate the meticulousness of life into the stunner in your hand, and you will achieve another story that has been passed down for centuries.

The history and manufacturing technology of bone china mugs

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer, 1.Introduction to China Bone Ceramic mugs Bone porcelain, formerly known as bone powder porcelain, is also known as bone porcelain. Bone porcelain refers to the porcelain clay made by mixing bone powder with quartz, which is lightweight and milky white. When placed under light, the porcelain can be faintly transparent. During the production process, animal bone powder is added to the bone porcelain mugs, and it is internationally recognized that the bone powder content is between 43% - 45%, which is called high-quality bone porcelain mugs (BONE CHINA COFFEE MUG)

Bone meal is made from beef, sheep, pig bones, etc Beef bone is preferred. This component can increase the hardness and transparency of porcelain, and its strength is higher than that of ordinary porcelain, so it can be thinner than ordinary porcelain. The higher the bone content, the easier it is to burn and crack during the production process, so the finished product is more expensive. The bone ceramic mug has a lightweight, dense and hard texture (twice that of daily porcelain), is not easy to wear and tear, has moderate transparency and insulation, and has a natural milky white color unique to natural bone powder.

The materials used for bone ceramic mugs are exquisite, with precise production and strict standards. Its regularity, whiteness, transparency, thermal stability, and other physical and chemical indicators require extremely high requirements. In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, porcelain has always been a patent in China. After the Industrial Revolution, modern Europe gradually developed its own porcelain making technology in the development of Venetian glass craftsmanship. They not only copied Chinese Blue and white porcelain mug and colored porcelain, but also developed many high-quality porcelain varieties.

In the 1980s, China successfully fired the first internationally recognized bone china mugs and exported it in large quantities. Bone china Chinese and Western tableware, with its high quality, style, and taste, has become a must choose porcelain for upgrading major star hotels. Famous catering units such as Beijing Shangri La Hotel, Beijing Hilton Hotel, Beijing Quanjude Hotel, Suzhou Sheraton Hotel, Qingdao Hardman Hotel, Zhongnanhai State Guesthouse, etc. have all adopted bone china products and won the love of consumers. Bone porcelain tea mugs, bone coffee mugs, family set tableware, and bone porcelain handicrafts have become ideal utensils for various companies and middle-class families, and are also the best gifts for relatives and friends. Bone china cups have gradually become the main consumer of high-end porcelain in China.

2.The Manufacturing Process of Bone China Mugs

The production of bone ceramic mugs mainly relies on silicon oxide, alumina, and calcium oxide. The higher the content of calcium oxide, the better the color. In nature, there are not many sources of calcium oxide, so animal bone meal is chosen as the source of calcium oxide. This is also the origin of the name of the bone china mug.

In fact, the so-called bone ceramic is a bone ceramic mug made from the ashes of herbivorous animals (mainly Ca3 (PO4) 2), mixed with high-quality kaolin, quartz and other auxiliary materials, and glazed at 1280 ℃. Generally speaking, adding 25% bone powder to the raw material can be called bone porcelain, but the best quality bone porcelain recognized in the world today is 45% -51% bone powder content, with cow bone being the best.

The production process of bone porcelain mugs includes grouting, molding, dehydration of gypsum molds, initial firing, glaze firing, and sticker baking processes. The bone porcelain cup is fired at high temperature to become a porcelain with high whiteness, high transparency, and delicate porcelain quality. During the firing process of bone porcelain mugs, high requirements are placed on their physical and chemical indicators such as regularity, whiteness, transparency, and thermal stability, resulting in a high scrap rate. Due to the exquisite materials used, precise production, and strict standards, the price of bone porcelain mugs is higher than that of other porcelain varieties.

The unique firing process and the addition of bone carbon eliminate impurities in the porcelain clay, making bone porcelain appear cleaner, more delicate, transparent, lightweight, with few defects, and thinner than ordinary porcelain. It has a special sense of cleanliness visually, and its strength is twice that of ordinary porcelain, which is twice that of daily porcelain. The higher the content of bone powder, the relatively lower the composition of clay, which is more prone to cracking during the production process. This requires higher technology in forming, increasing the difficulty of firing, making bone porcelain mugs more precious.

There are also high-end porcelain such as shell porcelain and pearl porcelain, which are similar to bone porcelain. Due to their high cost and almost no industrial production, bone porcelain mugs are recognized as the most high-end ceramic cups in the world.

3.Black spots in the production process of bone porcelain cups

The partial or complete appearance of black spots on the bone porcelain mug is called "smoking". This defect is due to incomplete oxidation or premature reduction of the body, which causes the carbon organic matter and low-temperature carbon deposits in the body of the bone ceramic mug to not be completely burned, and is sealed by the glaze layer. The surface of the bone ceramic cup is gray.

The factors affecting smoking analyzed by Ceramic Mug Group include:

1).During the oxidation stage of low and medium heat insulation, the oxidation is incomplete and some carbon remains in the body, resulting in a grayish black cross-section of the body. Especially when clay containing a large amount of carbon, such as coal gangue, is used in the body, the carbon in the body should be fully oxidized before the glaze layer melts. For products without carbon in the billet, oxidation should also be strengthened during the medium heat insulation stage, and special attention should be paid to coal fired intermittent kilns and thick tire products. This is because in intermittent kilns, the temperature inside the kiln is low and there is a lot of water vapor during ignition. In addition, the flue gas temperature is low at this time and the chimney suction force is weak. During the short period of time when adding coal and prying the furnace, the flame nature inside the kiln is a reducing atmosphere. At this time, not only can the carbon inside the billet cannot be eliminated, but it also causes carbon deposition on the billet. Especially when the moisture content of the billet entering the kiln is high, it is more likely to cause black spots on the bone porcelain mug. So, during the medium heat insulation stage (usually between 1000~1100 ℃), it is necessary to maintain a strong oxidizing atmosphere and have sufficient insulation time. That is to say, in the kiln operation, the thickness of the ash layer, fire layer, and coal seam on the furnace grate should be controlled to ensure good ventilation, a large excess air coefficient, a clear fire layer in the combustion chamber, and every time the coal is added, it must be burned thoroughly to fully oxidize the billet. Otherwise, if the amount of coal added is too high, the ash layer is too thick, the ventilation under the furnace is poor, and the combustion is not thorough, the flue gas containing free carbon generated in the combustion chamber will be stored in the kiln for a long time. At this stage, the porosity of the green body is the highest, and the adsorption is strong, making it easy to adsorb the flue gas, resulting in carbon deposition.

2). In the later stage of the reduction stage, the reduction atmosphere is too thick, that is, when the glaze has melted, the kiln still maintains a strong reduction atmosphere without timely turning into a weak reduction or neutral atmosphere, and the product is still in the reduction atmosphere. Therefore, CO in the flue gas decomposes at high temperatures, causing surface carbon, especially when using calcium glaze. Due to the severe carbon absorption phenomenon of CaO, the glaze smoke is most likely to form.

3). Analysis of Blackening of Bone Porcelain mug: The glaze formula is unreasonable. If excessive CaO or other fluxes are used, the glaze will prematurely produce liquid phase and melt, the vitrification range is too narrow, making it difficult to burn out the deposited carbon in a timely manner, or the temperature difference in the kiln is too large to ensure the atmosphere change of the china bone coffee mug factories, causing some products to be in a chaotic atmosphere or excessive sulfur in the fuel. If the sulfur containing gas stays in the kiln for too long, the sulfur will strongly seize the oxygen in the flue gas, making the reducing atmosphere thicker, Easy to produce smoke defects.

4.Daily maintenance methods for bone porcelain mugs

After drinking coffee or tea using bone china cups, we need to clean them. Because bone china mugs are thin and have a high whiteness, they are harder to clean than ceramic coffee mugs.

When the surface of the bone porcelain cup is stained with oil, clean it with warm water, and the water temperature should not exceed 80 ℃; If it is difficult to clean, add a small amount of edible vinegar to water and then clean.

If the outer wall of the bone porcelain cup is scratched, it can be gently polished with toothpaste; When using a damp cloth or hand to clean, attention should be paid to the force, not too much, to avoid scratching the porcelain.

After use, bone china mugs often leave coffee or tea stains. To clean them, add vinegar or lemon juice to warm water and slowly clean them manually.

Shandong Ceramic Industry Status and Development Plan

Xinxiang custom ceramic mug manufacturer, shandong Province is located in eastern China and the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It is one of the major coastal provinces and cities in my country. The total land area is 156,700 square kilometers, accounting for about 1.6% of the country's total area, ranking 19th in the country. The total population of Shandong in 2008 reached 94.175 million.

Shandong is a famous large-scale Shandong ceramic production area in China, and Zibo and Linyi are the concentrated representatives of Shandong ceramics. Zibo is located at the intersection of the Luzhong Mountains and the Lubei Plain in the middle of Shandong. It has unique geographical advantages. It is connected to Mount Tai in the south, the Yellow River in the north, the coastal tourist cities of Qingdao, Yantai and Weihai in the east, and the spring city of Jinan in the west. Zibo is a cluster city, governing five districts: Zhangdian, Boshan, Zichuan, Zhoucun, Linzi and three counties of Huantai, Yiyuan, and Gaoqing. The Jiqing Expressway runs from east to west in the city.

Zibo is an important industrial and tourist city in Shandong Province, with a total area of 6000 square kilometers and a population of 4 million. Linyi City is located in the southeast of Shandong Province, bordering the Yellow Sea and the north of Jiangsu in the south. Now it has jurisdiction over 9 counties and 3 districts, 180 towns, sub-districts, 7151 administrative villages (residents), 10.36 million people, with a total area of 17,200 square kilometers. Plains, mountainous areas, and hills each account for one-third of the population. The largest city in area.

Linyi has many types of mineral resources. There are 82 kinds of minerals with discovered and proven reserves. Among them, the reserves of diamonds rank second in the country, and the reserves of quartz sandstone, ceramic soil, dolomite and granite rank first in the province. Now Linyi is the second largest ceramic producing area in Shandong. The development of Shandong ceramics industry has unique advantages in raw material resources. It has been proved that the reserves of local limestone resources in Shandong reach 1 billion tons, of which the reserves of the three larger limestone mines are all over 300 million tons. Quartz sandstone, Shandong ceramic clay, ceramic clay and other production ingredients all have large reserves, and individual raw materials are the only producing areas in Shandong Province.

Zibo City is also an important coal producing area in Shandong Province, with an annual output of 10 million tons of coal. In addition, natural gas pipelines have been transported to the main industrial production areas of Shandong ceramics. It has laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of the ceramic industry.

A large number of private enterprises represented by Zibo Taishan Porcelain Industry, Huayang, Guohua, Shuangfeng, Shandong Futai, Hongda, Zhongqiang, and Xinxiang Ceramics have sprung up. After the founding of New China, Shandong Ceramics recovered and developed rapidly. The production technology is continuously improved, and the degree of mechanization of each production process is continuously improved. In the past, Zibo had a Boshan Ceramic Factory organized by more than 100 private kiln factories, with 5,000 employees and selling products in more than 30 countries. A relatively complete ceramic industry foundation has been initially formed.

Production of customized ceramic cups - 6 methods

Xinxiang Custom Ceramic Mug Manufacturer, The history of making porcelain in my country can be traced back to more than 3000 years ago. Although there are many differences between pottery and porcelain mugs, the two are organically linked. Porcelain-making technology was invented on the basis of the continuous development of ceramic-making technology. Although porcelain is made of porcelain clay, the surface is covered with vitreous glaze, and it is baked at a high temperature above 1000 ℃. But as a porcelain carcass, the molding method is basically the same as that of Tao ware, from the earliest manual kneading method and clay stick disc construction method to the mud piece encircling method, wheel molding method, impression method, and grouting method. Wait.

1. Hand Kneading Method

Use your hands to create the clay as you like, pinch out some smaller objects, this is the most primitive and simplest forming method.

2. Clay stick plate construction method

Rub the soil into mud sticks, build the mud stick discs from the bottom to the mouth of the vessel from the bottom to the mouth, then glue the whole vessel with mud, and finally smooth out the mud cracks left by the wall of the vessel. This method appeared in the middle of the Neolithic Age.

3. Mud Piece Enclosing Method

The raw mud blocks are first processed into mud pieces, and then the mud pieces are enclosed and combined into the required shape.

4. Wheel forming method

A method in which mud is placed on the wheel and formed by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the wheel. It is mainly used for the production of round objects, and the wheels are divided into slow wheels and fast wheels.

5. Impression method

The method of inserting the mud into a special mold. Mainly used to make ceramic figurines, animal and utensil parts, patterns, etc.

6. Grouting method

A method of pouring mud into a mold such as plaster, and using the capillary action of the plaster model to adsorb the suspended slurry on the inner wall of the mold to form.

At present, China Ceramic Factories uses three kinds of molding processes: rolling, plastic pressing, and grouting. Both rolling and plastic pressing belong to the impression method. These three types of molding methods are enough to control the changes in the shape of Tao Run's thousands of products.

Rolling is used in the production of circular, symmetrical, and embossed products on the outer surface.

Square products, flat discs and internal surface relief products generally use plastic pressing. Plastic pressing is usually operated by two people at the same time. The whole process includes cutting mud, putting mud, air flushing, tearing, connecting blank, wiping, trimming, and putting on the shelf. . And regularly drain the mold.

The handle of the mug and most special-shaped products require a grouting process. Grouting is more cumbersome and more expensive than rolling and plastic pressing. But at the same time, the value of special-shaped products is usually higher. Grouting includes the steps of grouting, pouring, turning over the mold, ejecting the mold, and finishing the mold.